%Package Identification \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} \ProvidesPackage{principia}[2023/03/13 principia package version 2.0] %This is the principia package is for representing notations in Whitehead and Russell's ``Principia Mathematica" close to their appearance in the original. %Version 1.0 (superseded by Version 1.1): Covers typesetting of notation through Volume I. 2020/10/24 %Version 1.1 (superseded by Version 1.2) minor updates: fixed the spacing of scope dots around parentheses; fixed spacing of theorem sign; fixed spacing around primitive proposition and definition signs. 2020/10/25 %Licensed under LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c. %Version 1.2 (superseded by Version 2.0) (minor updates): boldfaced (`thickened') the truth-functional connectives, existential quantifier, set and relation symbols; added numerous commands for typesetting brackets and substitutions into theorems. 2021/02/25 %Version 2.0 (major update): extends the package to cover typesetting of all notations in Volumes II and III; removes package dependency on marvosym. 2022/09/04 %Licensed under LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c. %Copyright Landon D. C. Elkind, 2023 (https://landonelkind.com/contact/). %Principia package requirements \RequirePackage{amssymb} %This loads the relation domain and converse domain limitation symbols. \RequirePackage{amsmath} %This loads the circumflex, substitution into theorems, \text{}, \mathbf{}, \boldsymbol{}, \overleftarrow{}, \overrightarrow{}, etc. \RequirePackage{graphicx} %This loads commands that flip iota for definite descriptions, Lambda for the universal class, and so on. The (superseded) graphics package should also work here, but is not recommended. \RequirePackage{pifont} %This loads the symbols such as the eight-pointed asterisk. %The \Female and \Male symbols are imported directly from Marvosym. %Volume I %Mathematical logic %The theory of deduction %Meta-logical symbols \newcommand{\ie}{\textit{i}.\textit{e}.\ } \newcommand{\Ie}{\textit{I}.\textit{e}.\ } \newcommand{\eg}{\textit{e}.\textit{g}.\ } \newcommand{\Eg}{\textit{E}.\textit{g}.\ } \newcommand{\pmsch}[1]{\pmast#1} %Starred chapter \newcommand{\pmschs}[2]{\pmast#1\text{---}\pmast#2} %Starred chapter \newcommand{\pmsns}[3]{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\text{---}\pmcdot#3}%Starred number \newcommand{\pmpsn}[2]{(\pmast#1\pmcdot#2)} \newcommand{\pmpsnn}[3]{(\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3)} \newcommand{\pmsn}[2]{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2} \newcommand{\pmnsn}[1]{\text{#1}} \newcommand{\pmsnn}[3]{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3} \newcommand{\pmsnnn}[4]{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3\pmcdot#4} \newcommand{\pmsnnnn}[5]{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3\pmcdot#4\pmcdot#5} \newcommand{\pmsnnnnn}[6]{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3\pmcdot#4\pmcdot#5\pmcdot#6} \newcommand{\pmsnb}[2]{\boldsymbol{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2}} %Starred number boldface \newcommand{\pmsnnb}[3]{\boldsymbol{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3}} \newcommand{\pmsnnnb}[4]{\boldsymbol{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3\pmcdot#4}} \newcommand{\pmsnnnnb}[5]{\boldsymbol{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3\pmcdot#4\pmcdot#5}} \newcommand{\pmsnnnnnb}[6]{\boldsymbol{\pmast#1\pmcdot#2\pmcdot#3\pmcdot#4\pmcdot#5\pmcdot#6}} \newcommand{\pmfd}{\begin{center} \rule{5cm}{.5pt} \end{center}} %Dividing line between introductory remarks in a starred number and the formal deductions. \newcommand{\pmdem}{\textit{Dem}.} %This notation begins a proof. \newcommand{\pmdemi}{\indent \pmdem} %This idents the notation that begins a proof. \newcommand{\pmhp}{\text{Hp}} %This typesets Hp (short for antecedent), which occurs at the beginning of a proof. \newcommand{\pmprop}{\text{Prop}} %This occurs at the end of a proof. \newcommand{\pmithm}{\pmimp\;\pmthm} %This occurs when a meta-theoretic implication is asserted. \newcommand{\pmbr}[1]{\bigg \lbrack \normalsize #1 \bigg \rbrack} %These are larger brackets for substitution. \newcommand{\pmsub}[2]{\bigg \lbrack \small \begin{array}{c} #1 \\ \hline #2 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsubb}[4]{\bigg \lbrack \small \begin{array}{c c} #1, & #3 \\ \hline #2, & #4 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsubbb}[6]{\bigg \lbrack \small \begin{array}{c c c} #1, & #3, & #5 \\ \hline #2, & #4, & #6 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsubbbb}[8]{\bigg \lbrack \small \begin{array}{c c c c} #1, & #3, & #5, & #7 \\ \hline #2, & #4, & #6, & #8 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSub}[3]{\bigg \lbrack \normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c} #2 \\ \hline #3 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSubb}[5]{\bigg \lbrack \normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c c} #2, & #4 \\ \hline #3, & #5 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSubbb}[7]{\bigg \lbrack \normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c c c} #2, & #4, & #6 \\ \hline #3, & #5, & #7 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSubbbb}[9]{\bigg \lbrack \normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c c c c} #2, & #4, & #6, & #8 \\ \hline #3, & #5, & #7, & #9 \end{array} \bigg \rbrack} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsUb}[2]{\small \begin{array}{c} #1 \\ \hline #2 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsUbb}[4]{\small \begin{array}{c c} #1, & #3 \\ \hline #2, & #4 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsUbbb}[6]{\small \begin{array}{c c c} #1, & #3, & #5 \\ \hline #2, & #4, & #6 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmsUbbbb}[8]{\small \begin{array}{c c c c} #1, & #3, & #5, & #7 \\ \hline #2, & #4, & #6, & #8 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSUb}[3]{\normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c} #2 \\ \hline #3 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSUbb}[5]{\normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c c} #2, & #4 \\ \hline #3, & #5 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSUbbb}[7]{\normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c c c} #2, & #4, & #6 \\ \hline #3, & #5, & #7 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmSUbbbb}[9]{\normalsize #1 \text{ } \small \begin{array}{c c c c} #2, & #4, & #6, & #8 \\ \hline #3, & #5, & #7, & #9 \end{array}} %This is the substitution command. \newcommand{\pmthm}{\mathpunct{\text{\scalebox{.5}[1]{$\boldsymbol\vdash$}}}} %This is the theorem sign. \newcommand{\pmast}{\text{\resizebox{!}{.75\height}{\ding{107}}}} %This is the sign introducing a theorem number. \newcommand{\pmcdot}{\text{\raisebox{.05cm}{$\boldsymbol\cdot$}}} %This is a sign introducing a theorem sub-number. \newcommand{\pmiddf}{\mathbin{=}} \newcommand{\pmdf}{\quad \text{Df}} \newcommand{\pmDf}{\text{Df}} \newcommand{\pmpp}{\quad \text{Pp}} %Square dots for scope, defined for up to six dots \newcommand{\pmdot}{\mathrel{\hbox{\rule{.3ex}{.3ex}}}} \newcommand{\pmdott}{\mathrel{\overset{\pmdot}{\pmdot}}} \newcommand{\pmdottt}{\pmdott\hspace{.1em}\pmdot} \newcommand{\pmdotttt}{\pmdott\hspace{.1em}\pmdott} \newcommand{\pmdottttt}{\pmdott\hspace{.1em}\pmdott\hspace{.1em}\pmdot} \newcommand{\pmdotttttt}{\pmdott\hspace{.1em}\pmdott\hspace{.1em}\pmdott} %Logical connectives \newcommand{\pmnot}{\mathord{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{\sim}\mkern.5mu$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\sim}$\cr\hidewidth$\mkern.5mu\boldsymbol{\sim}$}}} \newcommand{\pmor}{\mathbin{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{\vee}\mkern.5mu$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\vee}$\cr\hidewidth$\mkern.5mu\boldsymbol{\vee}$}}} \newcommand{\pmimp}{\mathbin{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{\supset}\mkern.5mu$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\supset}$\cr\hidewidth$\mkern.5mu\boldsymbol{\supset}$}}} %1.01 \newcommand{\pmand}{\mathrel{\hbox{\rule{.3ex}{.3ex}}}} %3.01 \newcommand{\pmandd}{\overset{\pmand}{\pmand}} \newcommand{\pmanddd}{\pmandd\hspace{.1em}\pmand} \newcommand{\pmandddd}{\pmandd\hspace{.1em}\pmandd} \newcommand{\pmanddddd}{\pmandd\hspace{.1em}\pmandd\hspace{.1em}\pmand} \newcommand{\pmandddddd}{\pmandd\hspace{.1em}\pmandd\hspace{.1em}\pmandd} \newcommand{\pmprod}{\mathbin{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{\wedge}\mkern.5mu$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\wedge}$\cr\hidewidth$\mkern.5mu\boldsymbol{\wedge}$}}} %Not in Principia, but added here as a dual of its symbol for disjunction. \newcommand{\pmiff}{\mathbin{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{\equiv}\mkern.5mu$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\equiv}$\cr\hidewidth$\mkern.5mu\boldsymbol{\equiv}$}}} %4.01 \newcommand{\pminc}{\mathbin{|}} %8.01 %The theory of apparent variables \newcommand{\pmall}[1]{(#1)} \newcommand{\pmsome}[1]{(\text{\raisebox{.5em}{\rotatebox{180}{\textbf{E}}}}#1)} %10.01 \newcommand{\pmSome}{\text{\raisebox{.5em}{\rotatebox{180}{\textbf{E}}}}} %Additional defined logic signs \newcommand{\pmhat}[1]{\boldsymbol{\hat{\text{$#1$}}}} \newcommand{\pmbreve}[1]{\boldsymbol{\breve{\text{$#1$}}}} \newcommand{\pmcirc}[1]{\boldsymbol{\dot{\text{$#1$}}}} \newcommand{\pmpf}[2]{#1#2} %for propositional functions of one variable \newcommand{\pmpff}[3]{#1(#2, #3)} %for propositional functions of two variables \newcommand{\pmpfff}[4]{#1(#2, #3, #4)} %for propositional functions of three variables \newcommand{\pmpffff}[5]{#1(#2, #3, #4, #5)} %for propositional functions of four variables (including ellipses) \newcommand{\pmppf}[2]{#1\pmshr#2} %for propositional predicative functions of one variable \newcommand{\pmppff}[3]{#1\pmshr(#2, #3)} %for propositional predicative functions of two variables \newcommand{\pmshr}{\textbf{!}} %*12.1 and *12.11, used for predicative propositional functions \newcommand{\pmpred}[2]{#1\pmshr#2} %for predicates (``predicative functions'') of one variable \newcommand{\pmpredd}[3]{#1\pmshr(#2, #3)} %for predicates (``predicative functions'') of two variables \newcommand{\pmpreddd}[4]{#1\pmshr(#2, #3, #4)} %for predicates (``predicative functions'') of three variables \newcommand{\pmpredddd}[5]{#1\pmshr(#2, #3, #4, #5)} %for predicates (``predicative functions'') of four variables \newcommand{\pmpreddddd}[6]{#1\pmshr(#2, #3, #4, #5, #6)} %for predicates (``predicative functions'') of five variables \newcommand{\pmpredddddd}[7]{#1\pmshr(#2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7)} %for predicates (``predicative functions'') of six variables \newcommand{\pmid}{\mathbin{=}} \newcommand{\pmnid}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$=$\cr\hidewidth\footnotesize\rotatebox[origin=c]{210}{\textbf{/}}\hidewidth\cr}}} %*13.02 \newcommand{\pmiota}{\ooalign{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\boldsymbol{\iota}$}\cr\hidewidth\raisebox{.0125em}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\boldsymbol{\iota}$}}\cr\hidewidth\raisebox{.025em}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\boldsymbol{\iota}$}}\cr\hidewidth\raisebox{.0375em}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\boldsymbol{\iota}$}}\cr\hidewidth\raisebox{.05em}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\boldsymbol{\iota}$}}}} %the rotated Greek iota used in definite descriptions \newcommand{\pmdsc}[1]{(\pmiota#1)} %*14.01 \newcommand{\pmthe}[2]{(\pmiota#1)(#2 #1)} %*14.01 \newcommand{\pmtheb}[2]{[(\pmiota#1)(#2 #1)]} %*14.01 \newcommand{\pmDsc}{\pmiota} \newcommand{\pmexists}{\textbf{E}\hspace{.1em}\pmshr} %*14.02 %Classes and relations %Class signs \newcommand{\pmcls}[2]{\pmhat{#1}(#2)} %20.01 \newcommand{\pmcin}{\mathop{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}}} %20.02 \newcommand{\pmCls}{\text{Cls}} %20.03 \newcommand{\pmClsn}[1]{\text{Cls}^{#1}} \newcommand{\pmcinn}{\pmnot\pmcin} %20.06 \newcommand{\pmcinc}{\mathop{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{\subset}$\cr\hidewidth$\hspace{.1em}\boldsymbol{\subset}$\cr\hidewidth$\hspace{.15em}\boldsymbol{\subset}$\cr\hidewidth$\hspace{.2em}\boldsymbol{\subset}$}}} %22.01 \newcommand{\pmccap}{\mathop{\ooalign{\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.1em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.2em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.3em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.4em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.5em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.6em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2){\oval(4,1)[t]}\phantom{\circ}$}}}} %22.02 \newcommand{\pmccup}{\mathop{\ooalign{\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.1em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.2em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.3em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.4em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.5em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}\cr\hidewidth\hspace{.6em}\scalebox{1.3}[1.75]{$\put(3, 2.5){\oval(4,4)[b]}\phantom{\circ}$}}}} %22.03 \newcommand{\pmccmp}[1]{\boldsymbol{-}#1} %22.04 \newcommand{\pmcmin}[2]{#1\boldsymbol{-}#2} %22.05 \newcommand{\pmcuni}{\text{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\Lambda$}}} %24.01 \newcommand{\pmcnull}{\Lambda} %24.02 \newcommand{\pmcexists}{\text{\raisebox{.5em}{\rotatebox{180}{\textbf{E}}}}\hspace{-.1em}\mathop{\pmshr}} %24.03 %Relation signs \newcommand{\pmrel}[3]{\pmhat{#1}\pmhat{#2}#3} %21.01 \newcommand{\pmrele}[5]{#1\{\pmhat{#2}\pmhat{#3}#4(#2, #3)\}#5} %21.02 \newcommand{\pmrelep}[3]{#1\{#2\}#3} %21.08, 21.081, 21.082, etc. \newcommand{\pmrcmp}[1]{\ooalign{$\hidewidth\raisebox{.25em}{$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$}\hidewidth$\cr$\boldsymbol{\pmccmp}$}#1} %23.04 \newcommand{\pmrmin}[2]{#1\mathrel{\ooalign{$\hidewidth\raisebox{.25em}{$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$}\hidewidth$\cr$\boldsymbol{\pmccmp}$}}#2} %23.05 \newcommand{\pmruni}{\pmcirc{\text{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\Lambda$}}}} %25.01 \newcommand{\pmrnull}{\pmcirc{\Lambda}} %25.02 \newcommand{\pmrexists}{\pmcirc{\mathop{\text{\raisebox{.5em}{\rotatebox{180}{E}}}}}\mathop{\pmshr}} %25.03 \newcommand{\pmrinc}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\hidewidth\boldsymbol{\cdot}\hidewidth$\cr$\boldsymbol{\pmcinc}$}}} %23.01 \newcommand{\pmrcap}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\hidewidth\raisebox{.3em}{$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$}\hidewidth$\cr$\boldsymbol{\pmccap}$}}} %23.02 \newcommand{\pmrcup}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\hidewidth\raisebox{.1em}{$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$}\hidewidth$\cr$\boldsymbol{\pmccup}$}}} %23.03 %Logic of Relations \newcommand{\pmdscf}[2]{#1\textbf{`}#2} %30.01 \newcommand{\pmcnv}[1]{\text{Cnv}\textbf{`}#1} %31.01 \newcommand{\pmCnv}{\text{Cnv}} \newcommand{\pmcrel}[1]{\pmbreve{#1}} %31.02 \newcommand{\pmrrf}[2]{\overset{\boldsymbol{\rightarrow}}{#1\textbf{`}}#2} %32.01 \newcommand{\pmRrf}[1]{\overset{\boldsymbol{\rightarrow}}{#1}} \newcommand{\pmrrl}[2]{\overset{\boldsymbol{\leftarrow}}{#1\textbf{`}}#2} %32.02 \newcommand{\pmRrl}[1]{\overset{\boldsymbol{\leftarrow}}{#1}} \newcommand{\pmsg}[1]{\text{sg}\textbf{`}#1} %32.03 \newcommand{\pmSg}{\text{sg}} \newcommand{\pmgs}[1]{\text{gs}\textbf{`}#1} %32.04 \newcommand{\pmGs}{\text{gs}} \newcommand{\pmdm}[1]{\text{D}\textbf{`}#1} %33.01 \newcommand{\pmDm}{\text{D}} \newcommand{\pmcdm}[1]{\text{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{D}}\textbf{`}#1} %33.02 \newcommand{\pmCdm}{\text{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{D}}} \newcommand{\pmcmp}[1]{C\textbf{`}#1} %33.03 \newcommand{\pmCmp}{C} \newcommand{\pmfld}[1]{F\textbf{`}#1} %33.04 \newcommand{\pmFld}{F} \newcommand{\pmrprd}[2]{{#1}\mathop{|}{#2}} %34.01 \newcommand{\pmRprd}{\mathop{|}} \newcommand{\pmrprdn}[2]{#1^{#2}} %34.02, 34.03, etc. \newcommand{\pmrld}[2]{#1 \boldsymbol{\upharpoonleft} #2} %35.01 \newcommand{\pmrlcd}[2]{#1 \boldsymbol{\upharpoonright} #2} %35.02 \newcommand{\pmrlf}[3]{#1 \boldsymbol{\upharpoonleft} #2 \boldsymbol{\upharpoonright} #3} %35.03 \newcommand{\pmrl}[2]{#1 \boldsymbol{\uparrow} #2} %35.04 \newcommand{\pmrlF}[2]{#1 \mathbin{\ooalign{$\upharpoonright$\cr\hidewidth\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{\text{$\upharpoonleft$}}\hidewidth\cr}} #2} %36.01 \newcommand{\pmdscff}[2]{#1\textbf{`}\textbf{`}#2} %37.01 \newcommand{\pmdscfr}[2]{#1_{\pmcin}\textbf{`}#2} %37.02 \newcommand{\pmdscfR}[1]{#1_{\pmcin}} \newcommand{\pmdscfcr}[2]{\pmbreve{#1}_{\pmcin}\textbf{`}#2} %37.03 \newcommand{\pmdscfcR}[1]{\pmbreve{#1}_{\pmcin}} \newcommand{\pmdscfff}[2]{#1\textbf{`}\textbf{`}\textbf{`}#2} %37.04 \newcommand{\pmdscfe}[2]{\mathop{\text{E}}\mathop{\pmshr\pmshr}\pmdscff{#1}{#2}} %37.05 \newcommand{\Female}{{\usefont{U}{mvs}{m}{n}\symbol{126}}} %from the Marvosym package \newcommand{\pmop}{\mathop{\text{\Female}}} %38.01, 38.02 \newcommand{\pmopc}[2]{#1 \mathop{\underset{\textbf{''}}{\text{\Female}}} #2} %38.03 %Products and sums of classes of classes or relations \newcommand{\pmccsum}[1]{p\textbf{`}#1} %40.01 \newcommand{\pmccprd}[1]{s\textbf{`}#1} %40.02 \newcommand{\pmcrsum}[1]{\pmcirc{p}\textbf{`}#1} %41.01 \newcommand{\pmcrprd}[1]{\pmcirc{s}\textbf{`}#1} %41.02 \newcommand{\pmrprdd}[2]{{#1}\mathop{||}{#2}} %43.01 \newcommand{\pmRprdd}{\mathop{||}} %Prolegomena to Cardinal Arithmetic %Unit Classes and Couples %Identity and Diversity \newcommand{\pmrid}{I} %50.01 \newcommand{\pmrdiv}{J} %50.02 \newcommand{\pmcunit}[1]{\iota\textbf{`}#1} %51.01 \newcommand{\pmcUnit}{\iota} \newcommand{\pmcunits}[1]{\pmbreve{\iota}\textbf{`}#1} %52.01 %Cardinal numbers \newcommand{\pmcn}[1]{#1} %52.01, 54.01, 54.02, etc. %Ordinal numbers \newcommand{\pmoc}[2]{#1 \boldsymbol{\downarrow} #2} %55.01, 55.02, etc. \newcommand{\pmdn}[1]{\pmcirc{#1}} %56.01 \newcommand{\pmorn}[1]{#1_r} %56.02, 56.03, etc. %Sub-classes, Sub-relations, and Relative Types %Sub-classes \newcommand{\pmscl}[1]{\text{Cl}\textbf{`}#1} %60.01 \newcommand{\pmsCl}{\text{Cl}} \newcommand{\pmscle}[1]{\text{Cl ex}\textbf{`}#1} %60.02 \newcommand{\pmsCle}{\text{Cl ex}} \newcommand{\pmscls}[1]{\text{Cls}\textbf{`}#1} %60.03 \newcommand{\pmsrl}[1]{\text{Rl}\textbf{`}#1} %61.01 \newcommand{\pmsRl}{\text{Rl}} \newcommand{\pmsrle}[1]{\text{Rl ex}\textbf{`}#1} %61.02 \newcommand{\pmsRle}{\text{Rl ex}} \newcommand{\pmsrel}[1]{\text{Rel}\textbf{`}#1} %61.03 \newcommand{\pmRel}{\text{Rel}} \newcommand{\pmReln}[1]{\text{Rel}^{#1}} %61.04 \newcommand{\pmrin}{\mathop{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}}} %62.01 %Relative type symbols \newcommand{\pmrt}[1]{t\textbf{`}#1} %63.01 \newcommand{\pmrti}[2]{t^{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %63.011 \newcommand{\pmrtc}[2]{t_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %63.02, 63.03, etc. \newcommand{\pmrtri}[2]{t^{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %63.04 \newcommand{\pmrtrc}[2]{t_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %64.02, 64.021, 64.022, etc. \newcommand{\pmrtrci}[3]{t_{#1}^{\text{ }#2}\textbf{`}#3} %64.03, 64.031, etc. \newcommand{\pmrtric}[3]{{}^{#1}t_{#2}\textbf{`}#3} %64.04, 64.041, etc. \newcommand{\pmrtdi}[2]{#1_{#2}} %65.01 \newcommand{\pmrtdc}[2]{#1(#2)} %65.02 \newcommand{\pmrtdri}[2]{#1_{#2}} %65.03 \newcommand{\pmrtdrc}[2]{#1(#2)} %65.04 %One-many, Many-one, and One-one relations %Similarity relation signs \newcommand{\pmrdc}[2]{#1\boldsymbol{\to}#2} %70.01 \newcommand{\pmsmbar}{\mathrel{\overline{\text{sm}}}} %73.01 \newcommand{\pmsm}{\mathrel{\text{sm}}} %73.02 \newcommand{\pmSM}{\text{sm}} \newcommand{\pmsmarr}{\overrightarrow{{\pmsm}}} \newcommand{\pmonemany}{1\boldsymbol{\to}\pmCls} \newcommand{\pmmanyone}{\pmCls\boldsymbol{\to}1} \newcommand{\pmoneone}{1\boldsymbol{\to}1} %Selections \newcommand{\pmselp}[1]{P_{\small\Delta}\boldsymbol{`}#1} %80.01 \newcommand{\pmSelp}{P_{\Delta}} \newcommand{\pmsele}[1]{\pmcin_{\small\Delta}\boldsymbol{`}#1} \newcommand{\pmSele}{\pmcin_{\Delta}} \newcommand{\pmself}[1]{F_{\small\Delta}\boldsymbol{`}#1} \newcommand{\pmSelf}{F_{\Delta}} \newcommand{\pmexc}{\text{Cls}^2 \mathop{\text{excl}}} %84.01 \newcommand{\pmexcc}[1]{\text{Cl} \mathop{\text{excl}}\textbf{`}#1} %84.02 \newcommand{\pmex}{\text{Cls excl}} \newcommand{\pmexcn}{\text{Cls} \mathop{\text{ex}^2} \mathop{\text{excl}}} %84.03 \newcommand{\pmselc}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\ooalign{\rotatebox[origin=c]{270}{$\boldsymbol{\mapsto}$}}} #2} \newcommand{\pmmultr}{\mathop{\text{Rel}} \mathop{\text{Mult}}} %88.01 \newcommand{\pmmultc}{\mathop{\text{Cls}^2} \mathop{\text{Mult}}} %88.02 \newcommand{\pmmultax}{\mathop{\text{Mult}} \mathop{\text{ax}}} %88.03 %Inductive relations \newcommand{\pmanc}[1]{#1_\pmast} %90.01 \newcommand{\pmancc}[1]{\pmcrel{#1}_\pmast} %90.02 \newcommand{\pmrst}[1]{#1_\text{st}} %91.01 \newcommand{\pmrts}[1]{#1_\text{ts}} %91.02 \newcommand{\pmpot}[1]{\text{Pot}\boldsymbol{`}#1} %91.03 \newcommand{\pmpotid}[1]{\text{Potid}\boldsymbol{`}#1} %91.04 \newcommand{\pmpo}[1]{#1_\text{po}} %91.05 \newcommand{\pmB}{B} %93.01 \newcommand{\pmmin}[1]{\text{min}_{#1}} %93.02 \newcommand{\pmMin}{\text{min}} \newcommand{\pmmax}[1]{\text{max}_{#1}} %93.021 \newcommand{\pmMax}{\text{max}} \newcommand{\pmgen}[1]{\text{gen}\boldsymbol{`}#1} %93.03 \newcommand{\pmGen}{\text{gen}} \newcommand{\pmefr}[2]{#1\pmast#2} %95.05 \newcommand{\pmipr}[2]{I_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %96.01 \newcommand{\pmjpr}[2]{J_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %96.02 \newcommand{\pmfr}[2]{\overset{\boldsymbol{\leftrightarrow}}{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %97.01 %Volume II %Cardinal arithmetic %Definition and Logical Properties of Cardinal Numbers \newcommand{\pmnc}[1]{\text{Nc}\textbf{`}#1} %100.01 \newcommand{\pmNc}{\text{Nc}} \newcommand{\pmNC}{\text{NC}} %100.02 \newcommand{\pmNCat}[2]{\text{NC}^{#1}({#2})} %102.01 \newcommand{\pmnoc}[1]{\text{N}_0\text{c}\textbf{`}#1} %103.01 \newcommand{\pmNoc}{\text{N}_0\text{c}} \newcommand{\pmNoC}{\text{N}_0\text{C}} %103.02 \newcommand{\pmnca}[2]{\text{N}^{#1}\text{c}\textbf{`}#2} %104.01, 104.011, etc. \newcommand{\pmNca}[1]{\text{N}^{#1}\text{C}} %104.02, 104.021, etc. \newcommand{\pmch}[2]{#1^{(#2)}} %104.03, 104.031, etc. \newcommand{\pmncd}[2]{\text{N}_{#1}\text{c}\textbf{`}#2} %105.01 \newcommand{\pmNcd}[1]{\text{N}_{#1}\text{C}} %105.02, 105.021, etc. \newcommand{\pmcl}[2]{#1_{(#2)}} %105.03, 105.031, etc. \newcommand{\pmncll}[3]{\text{N}_{#1#2}\text{c}\textbf{`}#3} %106.01, 106.012, etc. \newcommand{\pmnchh}[3]{\text{N}^{#1#2}\text{c}\textbf{`}#3} %106.011 \newcommand{\pmncaa}[3]{\text{N}_{#1}{}^{#2}\text{c}\textbf{`}#3} %106.02 \newcommand{\pmncdd}[3]{{}^{#1}\text{N}_{#2}\text{c}\textbf{`}#3} %106.021 \newcommand{\pmNCll}[2]{\text{N}_{#1#2}\text{C}} %106.03 \newcommand{\pmNChh}[2]{\text{N}^{#1#2}\text{C}} \newcommand{\pmcll}[3]{#1_{(#2#3)}} %106.04 \newcommand{\pmchh}[3]{#1^{(#2#3)}} %106.041 \newcommand{\pmncr}[1]{\text{N}_{00}\text{c}\textbf{`}#1} %106.01 %Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation \newcommand{\pmarsumc}{\mathrel{+}} %110.01 \newcommand{\pmarsumnc}{\mathrel{{+}_{\text{c}}}} %110.02 \newcommand{\pmsmsmb}{\mathrel{\overline{\text{sm}}\;\overline{\text{sm}}}} %111.01 \newcommand{\pmcrp}[2]{\text{Crp}(#1)\textbf{`}#2} %111.02 \newcommand{\pmsmsm}{\mathrel{\text{sm}\;\text{sm}}} %111.03 \newcommand{\pmarsumcc}[1]{\Sigma\textbf{`}#1} %112.01 \newcommand{\pmarsumcnc}[1]{\Sigma\pmNc\textbf{`}#1} %112.02 \newcommand{\pmarprodc}{\times} %113.02 \newcommand{\pmarprodnc}{\times_\text{c}} %113.03 \newcommand{\pmarprodcnc}[1]{\Pi\pmNc\textbf{`}#1} %114.01 \newcommand{\pmarprodcc}[1]{\text{Prod}\textbf{`}#1} %115.01 \newcommand{\pmarcls}{\pmClsn{3}\text{arithm}} %115.02 \newcommand{\pmarexp}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\text{exp}} #2} %116.01 \newcommand{\pmArexp}{\text{exp}} \newcommand{\pmarncexp}[2]{#1^{#2}} %116.02 \newcommand{\pmarg}{\mathrel{\boldsymbol{>}}} %117.01 \newcommand{\pmarl}{\mathrel{\boldsymbol{<}}} %117.04 \newcommand{\pmargeq}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{>}$\hidewidth\cr${\hspace{-.4ex}\raise-.75ex\hbox{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-155}{$\scalebox{1.1}{$\boldsymbol{-}$}$}}}$}}} %117.05 \newcommand{\pmarleq}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{<}$\cr\hidewidth${\raise-.75ex\hbox{\rotatebox[origin=c]{155}{$\scalebox{1.1}{$\boldsymbol{-}$}$}}}\hspace{-.375ex}$}}} %117.06 %Finite and infinite \newcommand{\pmarsubt}[2]{#1 \mathrel{{-}_\text{c}} #2} %119.01 \newcommand{\pmArsubt}{{-}_\text{c}} \newcommand{\pmNCinduct}{\text{NC}\,\text{induct}} %120.01 \newcommand{\pmncinduct}[1]{\text{N}_#1\text{C}\,\text{induct}} %120.011 \newcommand{\pmClsinduct}{\text{Cls}\,\text{induct}} %120.02 \newcommand{\pmclsinduct}[1]{\text{Cls}_{#1}\,\text{induct}} %120.021 \newcommand{\pmInfinax}{\text{Infin}\,\text{ax}} %120.03 \newcommand{\pminfinax}[1]{\text{Infin}\,\text{ax}(#1)} %120.04 \newcommand{\pmspec}[1]{\text{spec}\textbf{`}#1} %120.43 \newcommand{\pmintoo}[2]{P(#1\mathbin{\boldsymbol{-}}#2)} %121.01 \newcommand{\pmintoc}[2]{P({#1}\mathbin{\scalebox{1.2}[.7]{$\boldsymbol{\dashv}$}}{#2})} %121.011 \newcommand{\pmintco}[2]{P({#1}\mathbin{\scalebox{1.2}[.7]{$\boldsymbol{\vdash}$}}{#2})} %121.012 \newcommand{\pmintcc}[2]{P({#1} \mathbin{\ooalign{$\scalebox{1.2}[.7]{$\boldsymbol{\dashv}$}$\hidewidth\cr$\scalebox{1.2}[.7]{$\boldsymbol{\vdash}$}$}} {#2})} %121.013 \newcommand{\pmintnc}[1]{P_{#1}} %121.02 \newcommand{\pmfinid}[1]{\text{finid}\textbf{`}#1} %121.03 \newcommand{\pmfin}[1]{\text{fin}\textbf{`}#1} %121.031 \newcommand{\pmintt}[2]{#1_{#2}} %121.04 \newcommand{\pmprog}{\text{Prog}} %122.01 \newcommand{\pmaleph}{\boldsymbol{\aleph}} %123.01 \newcommand{\pmsucc}{\text{N}} %123.02 \newcommand{\pmclsrefl}{\text{Cls}\;\text{refl}} %124.01 \newcommand{\pmncrefl}{\text{NC}\;\text{refl}} %124.02 \newcommand{\pmncmult}{\text{NC}\;\text{mult}} %124.03 \newcommand{\pmncind}{\text{NC}\;\text{ind}} %126.01 \newcommand{\pmnocind}[1]{\text{N}_0\text{Cinduct}\textbf{`}#1} \newcommand{\pmNocind}{\text{N}_0\text{Cinduct}} %Relation-arithmetic %Ordinal similarity and relation-numbers \newcommand{\pmrnsm}[2]{{#1}{\raise.4ex\hbox{\textbf{\large;}}}{#2}} %150.01 \newcommand{\pmrnsmd}[2]{#1 \mathop{\boldsymbol{\dagger}} #2} %150.02 \newcommand{\pmrnsmdf}[1]{#1\boldsymbol{\dagger}} \newcommand{\pmopsc}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\ooalign{${\raise-.7ex\hbox{$\pmdot$}}$\hidewidth\cr$\text{\Female}$\hidewidth\cr${\raise-.8ex\hbox{\hspace{.15cm}\textbf{,}}}$}} #2} %150.03 \newcommand{\pmsmorb}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\overline{\text{smor}}} #2} %151.01 \newcommand{\pmSmorb}{\overline{\text{smor}}} %151.01 \newcommand{\pmsmor}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\text{smor}} #2} %151.02 \newcommand{\pmSmor}{\text{smor}} \newcommand{\pmnr}[1]{\text{Nr}\textbf{`}#1} %152.01 \newcommand{\pmNr}{\text{Nr}} \newcommand{\pmNR}{\text{NR}} %152.02 \newcommand{\pmsrrn}[1]{{#1}_{s}} %153.01 \newcommand{\pmNRat}[2]{\text{NR}^{#1}({#2})} %154.01 \newcommand{\pmnor}[1]{\text{N}_0\text{r}\textbf{`}#1} %155.01 \newcommand{\pmNor}{\text{N}_0\text{r}} \newcommand{\pmNoR}{\text{N}_0\text{R}} %155.02 %Addition of Relations, and the Product of Two Relations \newcommand{\pmrsum}[2]{#1\mathrel{\ooalign{${\raise-.21ex\hbox{$\boldsymbol{-}$}}$\cr\hidewidth$\boldsymbol{\uparrow}$\hidewidth\cr${\raise-.19ex\hbox{$\boldsymbol{-}$}}$}} #2} %160.01 \newcommand{\pmRsum}{\mathrel{\ooalign{${\raise-.21ex\hbox{$\boldsymbol{-}$}}$\cr\hidewidth$\boldsymbol{\uparrow}$\hidewidth\cr${\raise-.19ex\hbox{$\boldsymbol{-}$}}$}}} \newcommand{\pmrsume}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{$\pmRsum$}} #2} %161.01 \newcommand{\pmRsume}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{$\pmRsum$} } \newcommand{\pmrsumb}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\rotatebox[origin=c]{270}{$\pmRsum$}} #2} %161.02 \newcommand{\pmRsumb}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{270}{$\pmRsum$}} \newcommand{\pmrsumr}[1]{\Sigma\textbf{`}#1} %162.01 \newcommand{\pmRsumr}{\Sigma} \newcommand{\pmrsumrex}[1]{\mathrel{\text{Rel}^{#1}\text{excl}}} %163.01 \newcommand{\pmsmorsmorb}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\overline{\text{smor}}\,\overline{\text{smor}}} #2} %164.01 \newcommand{\pmSmorsmorb}{\overline{\text{smor}}\,\overline{\text{smor}}} \newcommand{\pmsmorsmor}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\pmSmor\,\pmSmor} #2} %164.02 \newcommand{\pmSmorsmor}{\pmSmor\,\pmSmor} \newcommand{\pmrprod}[2]{#1 \times #2} %166.01 %First differences and the multiplication and exponentiation of relations %On the relation of first differences among the sub-classes of a given class \newcommand{\pmrfdcl}[3]{#2 \mathrel{#1_{\text{cl}}} #3} %170.01 \newcommand{\pmRfdcl}[1]{#1_{\text{cl}}} \newcommand{\pmrfdlc}[3]{#2 \mathrel{#1_{\text{lc}}} #3} %170.02 \newcommand{\pmRfdlc}[1]{#1_{\text{lc}}} \newcommand{\pmrfddf}[3]{#2 \mathrel{#1_{\text{df}}} #3} %171.01 \newcommand{\pmRfddf}[1]{#1_{\text{df}}} \newcommand{\pmrfdfd}[3]{#2 \mathrel{#1_{\text{fd}}} #3} %171.02 \newcommand{\pmRfdfd}[1]{#1_{\text{fd}}} \newcommand{\pmrfprod}[1]{\Pi\textbf{`}#1} %172.01 \newcommand{\pmRfprod}[1]{\text{Prod}\textbf{`}#1} %173.01 \newcommand{\pmrarrel}[1]{\mathrel{\text{Rel}^{#1}\text{arithm}}} %174.01 \newcommand{\pmrexp}{\mathrel{\text{exp}}} %176.01 \newcommand{\pmRexp}[2]{{#1}^{#2}} %176.02 \newcommand{\pmrnsum}[2]{{#1} + {#2}} %180.01 \newcommand{\pmRnsum}{+} \newcommand{\pmrndsum}[2]{{#1} \mathrel{\pmcirc{+}} {#2}} %180.02 \newcommand{\pmRndsum}{\pmcirc{+}} \newcommand{\pmrnsumru}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\pmcirc{\pmRsumb}} #2} %181.01 \newcommand{\pmRnsumru}{\pmcirc{\pmRsumb}} \newcommand{\pmrnsumur}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\pmcirc{\pmRsume}} #2} %181.011 \newcommand{\pmRnsumur}{\pmcirc{\pmRsume}} \newcommand{\pmrn}[1]{\pmcirc{#1}} %181.02 \newcommand{\pmrsep}[1]{\ooalign{${\raise1.5ex\hbox{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{\scalebox{1.4}[1.4]{$\pmbreve{\phantom{.}}$}}}}$\cr\hidewidth$#1$\hidewidth}} %182.01 \newcommand{\pmrnsumf}[1]{\Sigma\pmNr\textbf{`}#1} %183.01 \newcommand{\pmrnprod}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\pmcirc{\times}} #2} %184.01 \newcommand{\pmRnprod}{\pmcirc{\times}} \newcommand{\pmrnprodf}[1]{\Pi\pmNr\textbf{`}#1} %185.01 \newcommand{\pmrnexp}[3]{#2 \mathrel{\pmArexp_{#1}} #3} %186.01 \newcommand{\pmRnexp}[1]{\pmArexp_{#1}} %Series %General theory of series \newcommand{\pmtrans}{\text{trans}} %201.01 \newcommand{\pmconnex}{\text{connex}} %202.01 \newcommand{\pmser}{\text{Ser}} %204.01 \newcommand{\pmseq}[3]{#1 \mathrel{\text{seq}_{#1}} #2} %206.01 \newcommand{\pmSeq}[1]{\text{seq}_{#1}} \newcommand{\pmprec}[3]{#1 \mathrel{\text{prec}_{#1}} #2} %206.02 \newcommand{\pmPrec}[1]{\text{prec}_{#1}} \newcommand{\pmlt}[1]{\text{lt}_{#1}} %207.01 \newcommand{\pmtl}[1]{\text{tl}_{#1}} %207.01 \newcommand{\pmlimax}[2]{\text{limax}_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %207.03 \newcommand{\pmLimax}[1]{\text{limax}_{#1}} \newcommand{\pmlimin}[2]{\text{limin}_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %207.04 \newcommand{\pmLimin}[1]{\text{limin}_{#1}} \newcommand{\pmcr}[1]{\text{cr}\textbf{`}{#1}} \newcommand{\pmCr}{\text{cr}} \newcommand{\pmcror}[1]{\text{cror}\textbf{`}{#1}} %208.01 \newcommand{\pmCror}{\text{cror}} %On sections, segments, stretches, and derivatives \newcommand{\pmsect}[1]{\text{sect}\textbf{`}{#1}} %211.01 \newcommand{\pmSect}{\text{sect}} \newcommand{\pmseg}[1]{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}\textbf{`}{#1}} %212.01 \newcommand{\pmSeg}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}} \newcommand{\pmsym}[1]{\text{sym}\textbf{`}{#1}} %212.02 \newcommand{\pmSym}{\text{sym}} \newcommand{\pmsectr}[1]{{#1}_{\pmSeg}} %213.01 \newcommand{\pmded}{\mathrel{\text{Ded}}} %214.01 \newcommand{\pmsded}{\mathrel{\text{semi}\;\text{Ded}}} %214.02 \newcommand{\pmstr}[1]{\text{str}\textbf{`}{#1}} %215.01 \newcommand{\pmStr}{\text{str}} \newcommand{\pmder}[2]{\delta_{#1}\textbf{`}#2} %216.01 \newcommand{\pmDer}[1]{\delta_{#1}} \newcommand{\pmdern}[3]{\delta_{#1}^{#2}\textbf{`}#3} \newcommand{\pmden}[1]{\text{dense}\textbf{`}{#1}} %216.02 \newcommand{\pmDen}{\text{dense}} \newcommand{\pmclsd}[1]{\text{closed}\textbf{`}{#1}} %216.03 \newcommand{\pmClsd}{\text{closed}} \newcommand{\pmperf}[1]{\text{perf}\textbf{`}{#1}} %216.04 \newcommand{\pmPerf}{\text{perf}} \newcommand{\pmders}[1]{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\Delta$}\textbf{`}#1} %216.05 \newcommand{\pmDers}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{$\Delta$}} %On convergence, and the limits of functions \newcommand{\pmconv}[3]{#1\bar{#2}_{\text{cn}}#3} %230.01 \newcommand{\pmConv}[1]{{#1}_{\text{cn}}} %230.02 \newcommand{\pmconvg}[3]{#1\bar{#2}_{\text{cng}}#3} \newcommand{\pmConvg}[1]{{#1}_{\text{cng}}} \newcommand{\pmlsc}[3]{#1\bar{#2}_{\text{sc}}#3} %231.01 \newcommand{\pmosc}[3]{#1\bar{#2}_{\text{os}}#3} %231.02 \newcommand{\pmlscl}[4]{(#1\bar{#2}#3)_{\text{sc}}\textbf{`}#4} %232.01 \newcommand{\pmoscl}[4]{(#1\bar{#2}#3)_{\text{os}}\textbf{`}#4} %232.02 \newcommand{\pmlmx}[4]{(#1\bar{#2}#3)_{\text{lmx}}\textbf{`}#4} %233.01 \newcommand{\pmLmx}[3]{(#1\bar{#2}#3)_{\text{lmx}}} \newcommand{\pmlimf}[4]{#1(#2#3)\textbf{`}#4} %233.02 \newcommand{\pmLimf}[3]{#1(#2#3)} \newcommand{\pmscf}[3]{\text{sc}(#1, #2)\boldsymbol{`}#3} %234.01 \newcommand{\pmosf}[3]{\text{os}(#1, #2)\boldsymbol{`}#3} %234.02 \newcommand{\pmctf}[3]{\text{ct}(#1#2)\boldsymbol{`}#3} %234.03 \newcommand{\pmcontinf}[3]{\text{contin}(#1#2)\boldsymbol{`}#3} %234.04 \newcommand{\pmcontin}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\text{contin}} #2} %234.05 \newcommand{\pmContin}{\text{contin}} %Volume III %Well-Ordered Series \newcommand{\pmbord}{\text{Bord}} %250.01 \newcommand{\pmword}{\Omega} %250.02 \newcommand{\pmordn}{\text{NO}} %251.01 \newcommand{\pmless}{\mathrel{\text{less}}} %254.01 \newcommand{\pmLess}{\text{less}} \newcommand{\pmpsc}[2]{#1 \mathrel{P_{\text{sm}}} #2} %254.02 \newcommand{\pmPsc}{P_{\text{sm}}} \newcommand{\pmorle}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{<}$\cr\hidewidth$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$}}} %255.01 \newcommand{\pmorgr}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{>}$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$\hidewidth}}} %255.02 \newcommand{\pmnoo}{\text{N}_0\text{O}} %255.03 \newcommand{\pmorleq}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{<}$\cr\hidewidth$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$\cr\hidewidth${\raise-.75ex\hbox{\rotatebox[origin=c]{155}{$\scalebox{1.1}{$\boldsymbol{-}$}$}}}\hspace{-.375ex}$}}} %255.04 \newcommand{\pmorgrq}{\mathrel{\ooalign{$\boldsymbol{>}$\hidewidth\cr$\boldsymbol{\cdot}$\hidewidth\cr${\hspace{-.4ex}\raise-.75ex\hbox{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-155}{$\scalebox{1.1}{$\boldsymbol{-}$}$}}}$\hidewidth}}} %255.05 \newcommand{\pmm}{\emph{M}} %256.01 \newcommand{\pmn}{\emph{N}} %256.02, 263.02 \newcommand{\pmtranc}[3]{(#1\pmast#2)\textbf{`}#3} %257.01 \newcommand{\pmTranc}[2]{(#1\pmast#2)} %257.01 \newcommand{\pmtrpot}[3]{#1_{#2#3}} %257.02 \newcommand{\pma}{\emph{A}} %259.01 \newcommand{\pmaw}{\emph{A}_{\emph{W}}} %259.02 \newcommand{\pmwa}{\emph{W}_{\emph{A}}} %259.03 %Finite and Infinite Series and Ordinals \newcommand{\pmintf}{P_{\text{fn}}} %260.01 \newcommand{\pmserinf}{\text{Ser infin}} %261.01 \newcommand{\pmwordinf}{\pmword\text{ infin}} %261.02 \newcommand{\pmserfin}{\text{Ser fin}} %261.03 \newcommand{\pmwordfin}{\pmword\text{ fin}} %261.04 \newcommand{\pmwordind}{\pmword\text{ induct}} %261.04 \newcommand{\pmordnfin}{\text{NO fin}} %262.01 \newcommand{\pmordninf}{\text{NO infin}} %262.02 \newcommand{\pmfinord}[1]{#1_r} %262.03 \newcommand{\pmom}{\boldsymbol{\omega}} %263.01 \newcommand{\pmpr}[1]{#1_{\text{pr}}} %264.01 \newcommand{\pmomn}[1]{\pmom_{#1}} %265.01, 265.03, etc. \newcommand{\pmalephn}[1]{\pmaleph_{#1}} %265.02, 265.04, etc. %Compact series, rational series, and continuous series \newcommand{\pmcomp}{\mathrel{\text{comp}}} %270.01 \newcommand{\pmComp}{\text{Comp}} \newcommand{\pmmed}{\mathrel{\text{med}}} %271.01 \newcommand{\pmMed}{\text{med}} \newcommand{\pmsimp}[3]{\mathrel{#1_{#2#3}}} %272.01 \newcommand{\pmsimps}[3]{{#1}_{#2}\textbf{`}{#3}} %273.02 \newcommand{\pmSimp}[3]{({#1}{#2})_{#3}} %273.03 \newcommand{\pmSimps}[2]{{#1}_{#2}} %273.04 \newcommand{\pmrats}{\eta} %273.01 \newcommand{\pmsfcls}[1]{#1_\pmrats} %274.01 \newcommand{\pmsfclsm}[2]{#1_m\textbf{`}#2} %274.02 \newcommand{\pmsfclsp}[2]{\pmbreve{#1}_P\textbf{`}{#2}} %274.03 \newcommand{\pmsfclsmp}[1]{M_P\textbf{`}{#1}} %274.04 \newcommand{\pmcser}{\theta} %275.01 \newcommand{\pmcsercl}[1]{#1_\pmcser} %276.01 \newcommand{\pmcsercls}[2]{{#1}_{#2}} %276.04 \newcommand{\pmCsercls}[2]{{#1}_{\text{tl}}\textbf{`}{#2}} %264.05 %Skipped some temprary definitions as repetitious %Quantity %Generalization of Number \newcommand{\pmu}{\textit{U}} %300.01 \newcommand{\pmrnum}{\text{Rel num}} %300.02 \newcommand{\pmrnumid}{\text{Rel num id}} %300.03 \newcommand{\pmrpwr}[2]{#1^#2} %301.03 \newcommand{\pmPrm}{\text{Prm}} %302.01 \newcommand{\pmrprm}[4]{(#1,#2)\mathbin{\pmPrm_\tau}(#3,#4)} %302.02 \newcommand{\pmprm}[4]{(#1,#2)\mathbin{\pmPrm}(#3,#4)} %302.03 \newcommand{\pmhcf}[2]{\text{hcf}(#1,#2)} %302.04 \newcommand{\pmHcf}{\text{hcf}} \newcommand{\pmlcm}[2]{\text{lcm}(#1,#2)} %302.05 \newcommand{\pmLcm}{\text{lcm}} \newcommand{\pmrat}[2]{#1 \rotatebox[origin=c]{10}{$\boldsymbol{/}$} #2} %303.01 \newcommand{\pmqn}[1]{#1_q} %303.02 \newcommand{\pmqnil}{\infty_q} %303.03 \newcommand{\pmRat}{\text{Rat}} %303.04 \newcommand{\pmRatdef}{\text{Rat def}} %303.05 \newcommand{\pmqnle}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\boldsymbol{<}_r} #2} %304.01 \newcommand{\pmQnle}{\boldsymbol{<}_r} \newcommand{\pmqnLe}{H} %304.02 \newcommand{\pmqnlez}{H'} %304.03 \newcommand{\pmprodsr}[2]{#1 \times_s #2} %305.01 \newcommand{\pmProdsr}{\times_s} \newcommand{\pmsumsr}[2]{#1 +_s #2} %306.01 \newcommand{\pmSumsr}{+_s} \newcommand{\pmratn}{\text{Rat}_n} %307.01 \newcommand{\pmratg}{\text{Rat}_g} %307.011 \newcommand{\pmratnle}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\boldsymbol{<}_n} #2} %307.02 \newcommand{\pmRatnle}{\boldsymbol{<}_n} \newcommand{\pmatngr}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\boldsymbol{>}_n} #2} %307.021 \newcommand{\pmRatngr}{\boldsymbol{>}_n} \newcommand{\pmratgle}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\boldsymbol{<}_g} #2} %307.03 \newcommand{\pmRatgle}{\boldsymbol{<}_g} \newcommand{\pmratggr}[2]{#1 \mathrel{\boldsymbol{>}_g} #2} %307.031 \newcommand{\pmRatggr}{\boldsymbol{>}_g} \newcommand{\pmratnLe}{H_n} %307.04 \newcommand{\pmratgLe}{H_g} %307.05 \newcommand{\pmratssub}[2]{#1 \boldsymbol{-}_s #2} %308.01 \newcommand{\pmsumgr}[2]{#1 +_g #2} %308.02 \newcommand{\pmprodgr}[2]{#1 \times_g #2} %309.01 \newcommand{\pmrenp}{\Theta} %310.01 \newcommand{\pmrenpz}{\Theta'} %310.011 \newcommand{\pmrenn}{\Theta_n} %310.02 \newcommand{\pmrennz}{\Theta_n'} %310.021 \newcommand{\pmreng}{\Theta_g} %310.03 \newcommand{\pmconc}[1]{\text{concord}(#1)} %311.01 \newcommand{\pmConc}{\text{concord}} \newcommand{\pmrensumc}[2]{#1 +_p #2} %311.02 \newcommand{\pmrensub}[2]{#1 -_p #2} %312.01 \newcommand{\pmrensuma}[2]{#1 +_a #2} %312.02 \newcommand{\pmrenproda}[2]{#1 \times_a #2} %313.01 \newcommand{\pmrenrsum}[2]{#1 +_r #2} %314.01 \newcommand{\pmrenrprod}[2]{#1 \times_r #2} %314.02 \newcommand{\Male}{{\usefont{U}{mvs}{m}{n}\symbol{124}}} %from the Marvosym package \newcommand{\pmrenr}{\mathop{\text{\Male}}} %314.03 \newcommand{\pmrenrssum}[2]{#1 +_\sigma #2} %314.04 \newcommand{\pmrenrsprod}[2]{#1 \times_\sigma #2} %313.05 %Vector Families \newcommand{\pmcorr}[1]{\text{cr}\textbf{`}#1} %330.01 \newcommand{\pmabel}{\text{Abel}} %330.02 \newcommand{\pmvfm}[1]{\text{fm}\textbf{`}#1} %330.03 \newcommand{\pmVfm}{\text{fm}} \newcommand{\pmvfmcl}{\textit{FM}} %330.04 \newcommand{\pmvffb}[1]{#1_\iota} %330.05 \newcommand{\pmconx}[1]{\text{conx}\textbf{`}#1} %331.01 \newcommand{\pmconxfm}{\textit{FM}\text{ conx}} %331.02 \newcommand{\pmfrep}[2]{\text{rep}_#1\textbf{`}#2} %332.01 \newcommand{\pmfopen}[1]{#1_\partial} %333.01 \newcommand{\pmfopennid}[1]{#1_{\iota\partial}} %333.011 \newcommand{\pmfmap}{\textit{FM}\text{ ap}} %333.02 \newcommand{\pmfmapconx}{\textit{FM}\text{ ap conx}} %333.03 \newcommand{\pmtrsp}[1]{\text{trs}\textbf{`}#1} %334.01 \newcommand{\pmfmtrs}{\textit{FM}\text{ trs}} %334.02 \newcommand{\pmfmconnex}{\textit{FM}\text{ connex}} %334.03 \newcommand{\pmfmsr}{\textit{FM}\text{ sr}} %334.02 \newcommand{\pmfmasym}{\textit{FM}\text{ asym}} %334.05 \newcommand{\pminit}[1]{\text{init}\textbf{`}#1} %335.01 \newcommand{\pmfminit}{\textit{FM}\text{ init}} %335.02 \newcommand{\pmvr}[1]{\textit{V}_#1} %336.01 \newcommand{\pmvrnid}[1]{\textit{U}_#1} %336.011 \newcommand{\pmarvs}[1]{A_{#1}} %336.02 %Measurement \newcommand{\pmfmsubm}{\textit{FM}\text{ subm}} %351.01 \newcommand{\pmvrm}[2]{#1_#2} %352.01 \newcommand{\pmvrmg}[2]{#1_{#2\iota}} %352.02 \newcommand{\pmfmrt}{\textit{FM}\text{ rt}} %353.01 \newcommand{\pmfmcx}{\textit{FM}\text{ cx}} %353.02 \newcommand{\pmfmrtcx}{\textit{FM}\text{ rt cx}} %353.03 \newcommand{\pmfmg}[1]{#1_g} %354.01 \newcommand{\pmrtnet}[2]{\text{cx}_#1\textbf{`}#2} %354.02 \newcommand{\pmfmgrp}{\textit{FM}\text{ grp}} %354.03 \newcommand{\pmrems}[2]{#1_#2} %356.01 %Cyclic Families \newcommand{\pmfmcycl}{\textit{FM}\text{ cycl}} %370.01 \newcommand{\pmcycl}[2]{#1_#2} %370.02 \newcommand{\pmcycli}[2]{#1_#2} %370.03 \newcommand{\pmvser}[2]{#1_#2} %371.01 \newcommand{\pmintsecvser}[2]{#1_#2} %372.01 \newcommand{\pmprime}{\text{Prime}} %373.01 \newcommand{\pmsfmid}[3]{#1_{#2#3}} %373.02 \newcommand{\pmsmltid}[2]{(#1, #2)} %373.03 \newcommand{\pmprrt}[3]{(#1 \rotatebox[origin=c]{10}{$\boldsymbol{/}$} #2)_{#3}} %375.01