#ifndef LIBKRIGING_SRC_LIB_CACHE_HPP
#define LIBKRIGING_SRC_LIB_CACHE_HPP

#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <unordered_map>
#include "libKriging/libKriging_exports.h"
#include "libKriging/utils/LinearHashStorage.hpp"
#include "libKriging/utils/cache_details.hpp"

#include "libKriging/utils/lk_armadillo.hpp"

#define LIBKRIGING_CACHE_ANALYSE  // Use timers to measure part of the cache processing
#define LIBKRIGING_CACHE_VERIFY

#ifdef LIBKRIGING_CACHE_ANALYSE
#include <chrono>
#define ANALYSE(expr) expr;
template <typename Timer>
inline uint64_t diffAndUpdateTimer(Timer& t_init) {
  const auto t_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  const auto diff = (t_end - t_init).count();  // ns count
  t_init = std::move(t_end);
  return diff;
}
#else
#define ANALYSE(expr)
#endif

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

class CacheFunctionCommon {
 public:
  struct CacheStat {
    uint32_t min_hit;
    uint32_t max_hit;
    uint32_t total_hit;
    size_t cache_size;
    uint64_t hash_time;
    uint64_t lookup_time;
    uint64_t eval_time;
  };

 protected:
  using HashKey = std::size_t;

 public:
  LIBKRIGING_EXPORT ~CacheFunctionCommon();
  LIBKRIGING_EXPORT auto stat() -> CacheStat;

 protected:
  mutable std::unordered_map<HashKey, uint32_t> m_cache_hit;
#ifdef LIBKRIGING_CACHE_ANALYSE
  mutable uint64_t m_hash_timer = 0;
  mutable uint64_t m_lookup_timer = 0;
  mutable uint64_t m_eval_timer = 0;
#endif
};

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const CacheFunctionCommon::CacheStat&);

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#ifndef LIBKRIGING_DISABLE_CACHE
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

template <typename Callable, typename Signature, typename... Contexts>
class CacheFunction {};

template <typename Callable,    // true function type for performance; could be a lambda
          typename R,           // return type
          typename... Args,     // input parameters
          typename... Contexts  // non-const external context to manage
          >
class CacheFunction<Callable, std::function<R(Args...)>, Contexts...> : public CacheFunctionCommon {
 public:
  using type = R(Args...);

 public:
  LIBKRIGING_EXPORT explicit CacheFunction(const Callable& callable, const Contexts&... contexts)
      : m_callable(callable), m_context(contexts...) {}

  LIBKRIGING_EXPORT auto operator()(Args... args) const -> R {
    ANALYSE(auto t = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now());
    const auto arg_key = hash_args(args...);
    ANALYSE(m_hash_timer += diffAndUpdateTimer(t));
    auto [finder, is_new] = m_cache.emplace(arg_key, R{});
    ANALYSE(m_lookup_timer += diffAndUpdateTimer(t));
    ++m_cache_hit[arg_key];
    ANALYSE(diffAndUpdateTimer(t));
    if (is_new) {
      try {
        finder->second = m_callable(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      } catch (const std::runtime_error& error) {
        // if (grad_out != nullptr) {
        //   *grad_out = arma::vec(_gamma.n_elem, arma::fill::zeros);
        // }
        Rcpp::Rcout << "[WARNING] Catched error " << error.what() << ": return -Inf." << arma::endl;
        finder->second = -arma::datum::inf;
      }
      ANALYSE(m_eval_timer += diffAndUpdateTimer(t));
    } else {
#ifdef LIBKRIGING_CACHE_VERIFY
      assert(m_callable(std::forward<Args>(args)...) == finder->second);  // test if expected result corresponds
#endif
    }
    return finder->second;
  }

 public:
  auto hash_args(Args... args) const -> HashKey {
    const auto args_hash = details::tupleHash(std::forward_as_tuple(args...));
    if constexpr (std::tuple_size<decltype(m_context)>{} == 0) {
      return args_hash;
    } else {
      const auto context_hash = details::tupleHash(m_context);
      return details::composeHash(context_hash, args_hash);
    }
  }

  auto inspect(Args... args) -> uint32_t {
    const auto arg_key = hash_args(args...);
    const auto finder = m_cache_hit.find(arg_key);
    return (finder == m_cache_hit.end()) ? 0 : finder->second;
  }

 private:
  Callable m_callable;
  std::tuple<const Contexts&...> m_context;
  //  mutable LinearHashStorage<HashKey, R> m_cache; // this struct could be simpler to optimize as circular buffer
  mutable std::unordered_map<HashKey, R> m_cache;
};

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

template <typename F, typename... Contexts>
CacheFunction(const F& f, const Contexts&...) -> CacheFunction<F, decltype(std::function{f}), Contexts...>;

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#else /* LIBKRIGING_DISABLE_CACHE */

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define CacheFunction(x) (x)

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#endif /* LIBKRIGING_DISABLE_CACHE */

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#endif  // LIBKRIGING_SRC_LIB_CACHE_HPP
