NAME SNMP::Info - Object Oriented Perl5 Interface to Network devices and MIBs through SNMP. VERSION SNMP::Info - Version 0.9 AUTHOR SNMP::Info was created at UCSC for the netdisco project (www.netdisco.org) and is written and maintained by Max Baker. SYNOPSIS use SNMP::Info; my $info = new SNMP::Info( # Auto Discover more specific Device Class AutoSpecify => 1, Debug => 1, # The rest is passed to SNMP::Session DestHost => 'router', Community => 'public', Version => 2 ) or die "Can't connect to device.\n"; my $err = $info->error(); die "SNMP Community or Version probably wrong connecting to device. $err\n" if defined $err; $name = $info->name(); $class = $info->class(); print "SNMP::Info is using this device class : $class\n"; # Find out the Duplex status for the ports my $interfaces = $info->interfaces(); my $i_duplex = $info->i_duplex(); # Get CDP Neighbor info my $c_if = $info->c_if(); my $c_ip = $info->c_ip(); my $c_port = $info->c_port(); # Print out data per port foreach my $iid (keys %$interfaces){ my $duplex = $i_duplex->{$iid}; # Print out physical port name, not snmp iid my $port = $interfaces->{$iid}; # The CDP Table has table entries different than the interface tables. # So we use c_if to get the map from cdp table to interface table. my %c_map = reverse %$c_if; my $c_key = $c_map{$iid}; my $neighbor_ip = $c_ip->{$c_key}; my $neighbor_port = $c_port->{$c_key}; print "$port: $duplex duplex"; print " connected to $neighbor_ip / $neighbor_port\n" if defined $remote_ip; print "\n"; } SUPPORT Please direct all support, help, and bug requests to the snmp-info-users Mailing List at . DESCRIPTION SNMP::Info gives an object oriented interface to information obtained through SNMP. This module lives at http://snmp-info.sourceforge.net Check for newest version and documentation. This module is geared towards network devices. Subclasses exist for a number of network devices and common MIBs. The idea behind this module is to give a common interface to data from network devices, leaving the device-specific hacks behind the scenes in subclasses. In the SYNOPSIS example we fetch the name of all the ports on the device and the duplex setting for that port with two methods -- interfaces() and i_duplex(). The information may be coming from any number of MIB files and is very vendor specific. SNMP::Info provides you a common method for all supported devices. Adding support for your own device is easy, and takes little SNMP knowledge. The module is not limited to network devices. Any MIB or device can be given an objected oriented front-end by making a module that consists of a couple hashes. See EXTENDING SNMP::INFO. REQUIREMENTS 1. Net-SNMP To use this module, you must have Net-SNMP installed on your system. More specifically you need the Perl modules that come with it. DO NOT INSTALL SNMP:: or Net::SNMP from CPAN! The SNMP module is matched to an install of net-snmp, and must be installed from the net-snmp source tree. The Perl module "SNMP" is found inside the net-snmp distribution. Go to the perl/ directory of the distribution to install it, or run "./configure --with-perl-modules" from the top directory of the net-snmp distribution. Net-SNMP can be found at http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net Version 5.1.2 or greater is recommended. Various version 4's and 5.0 and 5.1 series will work. 5.0.1 is kinda flaky on the Perl side. Redhat Users: Certain versions that comes with certain versions of Redhat/Fedora doesn't have the Perl library installed. Uninstall the RPM and install by hand. 2. MIBS SNMP::Info operates on textual descriptors found in MIBs. If you are using SNMP::Info separate from Netdisco, download the Netdisco-MIB package at http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=80033&package_id=135517 Make sure that your snmp.conf is updated to point to your MIB directory and that the MIBs are world-readable. To do it by hand: Then run "snmpconf" and setup that directory as default. Move snmp.conf into /usr/local/share/snmp when you are done. Basic MIBs A minimum amount of MIBs to have are the Version 2 MIBs from Cisco, found at ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/v2.tar.gz To install them : mkdir -p /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs && cd /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs && tar xvfz /path/to/v2.tar.gz Version 1 MIBs You will also need to install some of the version one MIBs from Cisco : ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v1/v1.tar.gz Extract BRIDGE-MIB SNMP-REPEATER-MIB STAND-ALONE-ETHERNET-SWITCH-MIB (ESSWITCH-MIB) TOKEN-RING-RMON-MIB by running mkdir -p /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs cd /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs tar xvfz /path/to/v1.tar.gz BRIDGE-MIB.my SNMP-REPEATER-MIB.my ESSWITCH-MIB.my TOKEN-RING-RMON-MIB.my More Specific MIBs Some non-cisco subclasses will need MIBs other than the basic one available from Cisco. Check below under each subclass for requirements. DESIGN GOALS 1. Use of textual MIB leaf identifier and enumerated values * All values are retrieved via MIB Leaf node names For example SNMP::Info has an entry in its %GLOBALS hash for ``sysName'' instead of 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5. * Data returned is in the enumerated value form. For Example instead of looking up 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.3 and getting back 23 SNMP::Info will ask for "RFC1213-MIB::ifType" and will get back "ppp". 2. SNMP::Info is easily extended to new devices You can create a new subclass for a device by providing four hashes : %GLOBALS, %MIBS, %FUNCS, and %MUNGE. Or you can override any existing methods from a parent class by making a short subroutine. See the section EXTENDING SNMP::INFO for more details. When you make a new subclass for a device, please be sure to send it back to the developers (via Source Forge or the mailing list) for inclusion in the next version. SUBCLASSES These are the subclasses that implement MIBs and support devices: Required MIBs not included in the install instructions above are noted here. MIB Subclasses These subclasses implement method to access one or more MIBs. These are not used directly, but rather inherited from device subclasses. For more info run "perldoc" on any of the following module names. SNMP::Info::Bridge BRIDGE-MIB (RFC1286). QBRIDGE-MIB. Inherited by devices with Layer2 support. SNMP::Info::CDP CISCO-CDP-MIB. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) Support. Inherited by devices serving Layer2 or Layer3. SNMP::Info::CiscoStack CISCO-STACK-MIB and CISCO-PORT-SECURITY-MIB SNMP::Info::CiscoStats Provides common interfaces for memory, cpu, and os statistics for Cisco devices. Provides methods for information in : OLD-CISCO-CPU-MIB, CISCO-PROCESS-MIB and CISCO-MEMORY-POOL-MIB SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP CISCO-VTP-MIB, CISCO-VLAN-MEMBERSHIP-MIB, CISCO-VLAN-IFTABLE-RELATIONSHIP-MIB SNMP::Info::Entity ENTITY-MIB. Used for device info in Cisco and other vendors. SNMP::Info::EtherLike ETHERLIKE-MIB (RFC1398) - Some Layer3 devices implement this MIB, as well as some Aironet Layer 2 devices (non Cisco). SNMP::Info::FDP Foundry Discovery Protocol. FOUNDRY-SN-SWITCH-GROUP-MIB SNMP::Info::MAU MAU-MIB (RFC2668). Some Layer2 devices use this for extended Ethernet (Media Access Unit) interface information. SNMP::Info::NortelStack S5-AGENT-MIB, S5-CHASSIS-MIB. SNMP::Info::RapidCity RAPID-CITY. Inhertited by Nortel Networks switches for duplex and VLAN information. SNMP::Info::SONMP SYNOPTICS-ROOT-MIB, S5-ETH-MULTISEG-TOPOLOGY-MIB. Provides translation from Nortel Networks Topology Table information to CDP. Inherited by Nortel/Bay switches and hubs. Device Subclasses These subclasses inherit from one or more classes to provide a common interface to data obtainable from network devices. All the required MIB files are included in the netdisco-mib package. (See Above). SNMP::Info::Layer1 Generic Layer1 Device subclass. SNMP::Info::Layer1::Allied Subclass for Allied Telesys Repeaters / Hubs. Requires ATI-MIB See SNMP::Info::Layer1::Allied for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer1::Asante Subclass for Asante 1012 Hubs. Requires ASANTE-HUB1012-MIB See SNMP::Info::Layer1::Asante for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer1::Bayhub Subclass for Nortel/Bay hubs. This includes System 5000, 100 series, 200 series, and probably more. See SNMP::Info::Layer1::Bayhub for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer2 Generic Layer2 Device subclass. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Aironet Class for Cisco Aironet wireless devices that run IOS. See also Layer3::Aironet for Aironet devices that don't run IOS. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Allied Allied Telesys switches. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Bay Depricated. Use BayStack. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Baystack Subclass for Nortel/Bay Baystack switches. This includes 303, 304, 350, 380, 410, 420, 425, 450, 460, 470, 5510, 5520, Business Policy Switch (BPS) and probably others. See SNMP::Info::Layer2::Baystack for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer2::C1900 Subclass for Cisco Catalyst 1900 and 1900c Devices running CatOS. SNMP::Info::Layer2::C2900 Subclass for Cisco Catalyst 2900, 2950, 3500XL, and 3548 devices running IOS. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Catalyst Subclass for Cisco Catalyst switches running CatOS. These switches usually report a model number that starts with "wsc". Note that this class does not support everything that has the name Catalyst. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Centillion Subclass for Nortel/Bay Centillion and 5000BH ATM switches. See SNMP::Info::Layer2::Centillion for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer2::HP Subclass for HP Procurve Switches Requires HP-ICF-OID and ENTITY-MIB downloaded from HP. See SNMP::Info::Layer2::HP for more info. SNMP::Info::Layer2::NAP222x Subclass for Nortel Networks' 222x series wireless access points. See SNMP::Info::Layer2::NAP222x for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer2::Orinoco Subclass for Orinoco wireless access points. SNMP::Info::Layer2::ZyXEL_DSLAM Zyxel DSLAMs. Need I say more? SNMP::Info::Layer3 Generic Layer3 and Layer2+3 Device subclass. SNMP::Info::Layer3::Aironet Subclass for Cisco Aironet wireless access points (AP) not running IOS. These are usually older devices. MIBs for these devices now included in v2.tar.gz available from ftp.cisco.com. Note Layer2::Aironet SNMP::Info::Layer3::AlteonAD Subclass for Nortel Networks' Alteon Ace Director series L2-7 switches. See SNMP::Info::Layer3::AlteonAD for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer3::BayRS Subclass for Nortel Networks' BayRS routers. This includes BCN, BLN, ASN, ARN, and AN routers. See SNMP::Info::Layer3::BayRS for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer3::C3550 Subclass for Cisco Catalyst 3550,3540,3560 2/3 switches running IOS. SNMP::Info::Layer3::C6500 This class covers Catalyst 6500s in native mode, hybrid mode. Catalyst 4000's, 3750's, 2970's and probably others. SNMP::Info::Layer3::Cisco This is a simple wrapper around Layer3 for IOS devices. It adds on CiscoVTP. SNMP::Info::Layer3::Contivity Subclass for Nortel Networks' Contivity VPN concentrators. See SNMP::Info::Layer3::Contivity for where to get MIBs required. SNMP::Info::Layer3::Foundry Subclass for older Foundry Network devices. Outdated, but being updated for newer devices. Requires FOUNDRY-SN-ROOT-MIB. See SNMP::Info::Layer3::Foundry for more info. SNMP::Info::Layer3::Passport Subclass for Nortel Networks' Passport 8600 series switches. See SNMP::Info::Layer3::Passport for where to get MIBs required. Thanks Thanks for testing and coding help (in no particular order) to : Andy Ford, Brian Wilson, Jean-Philippe Luiggi, Dána Watanabe, Bradley Baetz, Eric Miller, and people listed on the Netdisco README! USAGE Constructor new() Creates a new object and connects via SNMP::Session. my $info = new SNMP::Info( 'Debug' => 1, 'AutoSpecify' => 1, 'BigInt' => 1 'DestHost' => 'myrouter', 'Community' => 'public', 'Version' => 2, 'MibDirs' => ['dir1','dir2','dir3'], ) or die; SNMP::Info Specific Arguments : AutoSpecify = Returns an object of a more specific device class *See specify() entry* BigInt = Return Math::BigInt objects for 64 bit counters. Sets on a global scope, not object. Debug = Prints Lots of debugging messages MibDirs = Array ref to list of directories in which to look for MIBs. Note this will be in addition to the ones setup in snmp.conf at the system level. RetryNoSuch = When using SNMP Version 1, try reading values even if they come back as "no such variable in this MIB". Defaults to true, set to false if so desired. This feature lets you read SNMPv2 data from an SNMP version 1 connection, and should probably be left on. Session = SNMP::Session object to use instead of connecting on own. All other arguments are passed to SNMP::Session. See SNMP::Session for a list of other possible arguments. A Note about the wrong Community string or wrong SNMP Version : If a connection is using the wrong community string or the wrong SNMP version, the creation of the object will not fail. The device still answers the call on the SNMP port, but will not return information. Check the error() method after you create the device object to see if there was a problem in connecting. A note about SNMP Versions : Some older devices don't support SNMP version 2, and will not return anything when a connection under Version 2 is attempted. Some newer devices will support Version 1, but will not return all the data they might have if you had connected under Version 1 When trying to get info from a new device, you may have to try version 2 and then fallback to version 1. Data is Cached Methods and subroutines requesting data from a device will only load the data once, and then return cached versions of that data. Run $info->load_METHOD() where method is something like 'i_name' to reload data from a table method. Run $info->clear_cache() to clear the cache to allow reload of both globals and table methods. Object Scalar Methods These are for package related data, not direcly supplied from SNMP. $info->clear_cache() Clears the cached data. This includes GLOBALS data and TABLE METHOD data. $info->debug(1) Returns current debug status, and optionally toggles debugging info for this object. $info->device_type() Returns the Subclass name for this device. "SNMP::Info" is returned if no more specific class is available. First the device is checked for Layer 3 support and a specific subclass, then Layer 2 support and subclasses are checked for. This means that Layer 2 / 3 switches and routers will fall under the SNMP::Info::Layer3 subclasses. If the device still can be connected to via SNMP::Info, then SNMP::Info is returned. Algorithm for Subclass Detection: Layer3 Support -> SNMP::Info::Layer3 Aironet (BR500,AP340,350,1200) -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::Aironet AP4800... All Non IOS Catalyst 3550,3548,3560 -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::C3550 Catalyst 6500, 4000, 3750 -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::C6500 Cisco Generic L3 IOS device -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::Cisco Foundry -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::Foundry Nortel Passport LAN -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::Passport Alteon Ace Director -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::AlteonAD Nortel Contivity -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::Contivity Nortel BayRS Router -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::BayRS Elsif Layer2 (no Layer3) -> SNMP::Info::Layer2 Aironet - IOS Devices -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::Aironet Catalyst 1900 -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::C1900 Catalyst 2900XL,2950,3500XL -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::C2900 Catalyst 2970 -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::C6500 Catalyst 3550/3548 -> SNMP::Info::Layer3::C3550 Catalyst WS-C 2926,5xxx -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::Catalyst HP Procurve -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::HP Nortel/Bay Centillion ATM -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::Centillion Nortel/Bay Baystack -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::Baystack Nortel AP 222x -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::NAP222x Orinco AP -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::Orinoco Elsif Layer1 Support -> SNMP::Info::Layer1 Allied -> SNMP::Info::Layer1::Allied Asante -> SNMP::Info::Layer1::Asante Nortel/Bay Hub -> SNMP::Info::Layer1::Bayhub Else -> SNMP::Info ZyXEL_DSLAM -> SNMP::Info::Layer2::ZyXEL_DSLAM $info->error(no_clear) Returns Error message if there is an error, or undef if there is not. Reading the error will clear the error unless you set the no_clear flag. $info->has_layer(3) Returns non-zero if the device has the supplied layer in the OSI Model Returns "undef" if the device doesn't support the layers() call. $info->snmp_comm() Returns SNMP Community string used in connection. $info->snmp_ver() Returns SNMP Version used for this connection $info->specify() Returns an object of a more-specific subclass. my $info = new SNMP::Info(...); # Returns more specific object type $info = $info->specific(); Usually this method is called internally from new(AutoSpecify => 1) See device_type() entry for how a subclass is chosen. $info->cisco_comm_indexing() Returns 0. Is an overridable method used for vlan indexing for snmp calls on certain Cisco devices. See Globals (Scalar Methods) These are methods to return scalar data from RFC1213. Some subset of these is probably available for any network device that speaks SNMP. $info->uptime() Uptime in hundredths of seconds since device became available. (sysUpTime) $info->contact() (sysContact) $info->name() (sysName) $info->location() (sysLocation) $info->layers() This returns a binary encoded string where each digit represents a layer of the OSI model served by the device. eg: 01000010 means layers 2 (physical) and 7 (Application) are served. Note: This string is 8 digits long. See $info->has_layer() (sysServices) $info->ports() Number of interfaces available on this device. Not too useful as the number of SNMP interfaces usually does not correspond with the number of physical ports (ifNumber) Table Methods Each of these methods returns a hash_reference to a hash keyed on the interface index in SNMP. Example : $info->interfaces() might return { '1.12' => 'FastEthernet/0', '2.15' => 'FastEthernet/1', '9.99' => 'FastEthernet/2' } The key is what you would see if you were to do an snmpwalk, and in some cases changes between reboots of the network device. Partial Table Fetches If you want to get only a part of an SNMP table and you know the IID for the part of the table that you want, you can specify it in the call: $local_routes = $info->ipr_route('192.168.0'); This will only fetch entries in the table that start with 192.168.0, which in this case are routes on the local network. Remember that you must supply the partial IID (a numeric OID). Partial table results are not cached. Interface Information $info->interfaces() This methods is overriden in each subclass to provide a mapping between the Interface Table Index (iid) and the physical port name. $info->if_ignore() Returns a reference to a hash where key values that exist are interfaces to ignore. Ignored interfaces are ones that are usually not physical ports or Virtual Lans (VLANs) such as the Loopback interface, or the CPU interface. $info->i_index() Default SNMP IID to Interface index. (ifIndex) $info->i_description() Description of the interface. Usually a little longer single word name that is both human and machine friendly. Not always. (ifDescr) $info->i_type() Interface type, such as Vlan, 10baseT, Ethernet, Serial (ifType) $info->i_mtu() INTEGER. Interface MTU value. (ifMtu) $info->i_speed() Speed of the link, human format. See munge_speed() later in document for details. (ifSpeed) $info->i_mac() MAC address of the interface. Note this is just the MAC of the port, not anything connected to it. (ifPhysAddress) $info->i_up() Link Status of the interface. Typical values are 'up' and 'down'. (ifOperStatus) $info->i_up_admin() Administrative status of the port. Typical values are 'enabled' and 'disabled'. (ifAdminStatus) $info->i_lastchange() The value of sysUpTime when this port last changed states (up,down). (IfLastChange) $info->i_name() Interface Name field. Supported by a smaller subset of devices, this fields is often human set. (ifName) $info->i_alias() Interface Name field. For certain devices this is a more human friendly form of i_description(). For others it is a human set field like i_name(). (ifAlias) Interface Statistics $info->i_octet_in(), $info->i_octets_out(), $info->i_octet_in64(), $info->i_octets_out64() Bandwidth. Number of octets sent/received on the interface including framing characters. 64 bit version may not exist on all devices. NOTE: To manipulate 64 bit counters you need to use Math::BigInt, since the values are too large for a normal Perl scalar. Set the global $SNMP::Info::BIGINT to 1 , or pass the BigInt value to new() if you want SNMP::Info to do it for you. (ifInOctets) (ifOutOctets) (ifHCInOctets) (ifHCOutOctets) $info->i_errors_in(), $info->i_errors_out() Number of packets that contained an error prventing delivery. See IF-MIB for more info. (ifInErrors) (ifOutErrors) $info->i_pkts_ucast_in(), $info->i_pkts_ucast_out(), $info->i_pkts_ucast_in64(), $info->i_pkts_ucast_out64() Number of packets not sent to a multicast or broadcast address. 64 bit version may not exist on all devices. (ifInUcastPkts) (ifOutUcastPkts) (ifHCInUcastPkts) (ifHCOutUcastPkts) $info->i_pkts_nucast_in(), $info->i_pkts_nucast_out(), Number of packets sent to a multicast or broadcast address. These methods are depricated by i_pkts_multi_in() and i_pkts_bcast_in() according to IF-MIB. Actual device usage may vary. (ifInNUcastPkts) (ifOutNUcastPkts) $info->i_pkts_multi_in() $info->i_pkts_multi_out(), $info->i_pkts_multi_in64(), $info->i_pkts_multi_out64() Number of packets sent to a multicast address. 64 bit version may not exist on all devices. (ifInMulticastPkts) (ifOutMulticastPkts) (ifHCInMulticastPkts) (ifHCOutMulticastPkts) $info->i_pkts_bcast_in() $info->i_pkts_bcast_out(), $info->i_pkts_bcast_in64() $info->i_pkts_bcast_out64() Number of packets sent to a broadcast address on an interface. 64 bit version may not exist on all devices. (ifInBroadcastPkts) (ifOutBroadcastPkts) (ifHCInBroadcastPkts) (ifHCOutBroadcastPkts) IP Address Table Each entry in this table is an IP address in use on this device. Usually this is implemented in Layer3 Devices. $info->ip_index() Maps the IP Table to the IID (ipAdEntIfIndex) $info->ip_table() Maps the Table to the IP address (ipAdEntAddr) $info->ip_netmask() Gives netmask setting for IP table entry. (ipAdEntNetMask) $info->ip_broadcast() Gives broadcast address for IP table entry. (ipAdEntBcastAddr) IP Routing Table $info->ipr_route() The route in question. A value of 0.0.0.0 is the default gateway route. ("ipRouteDest") $info->ipr_if() The interface (IID) that the route is on. Use interfaces() to map. ("ipRouteIfIndex") $info->ipr_1() Primary routing metric for this route. ("ipRouteMetric1") $info->ipr_2() If metrics are not used, they should be set to -1 ("ipRouteMetric2") $info->ipr_3() ("ipRouteMetric3") $info->ipr_4() ("ipRouteMetric4") $info->ipr_5() ("ipRouteMetric5") $info->ipr_dest() From RFC1213: "The IP address of the next hop of this route. (In the case of a route bound to an interface which is realized via a broadcast media, the value of this field is the agent's IP address on that interface.)" ("ipRouteNextHop") $info->ipr_type() From RFC1213: other(1), -- none of the following invalid(2), -- an invalidated route -- route to directly direct(3), -- connected (sub-)network -- route to a non-local indirect(4) -- host/network/sub-network "The type of route. Note that the values direct(3) and indirect(4) refer to the notion of direct and indirect routing in the IP architecture. Setting this object to the value invalid(2) has the effect of invalidating the corresponding entry in the ipRouteTable object. That is, it effectively disassociates the destination identified with said entry from the route identified with said entry. It is an implementation-specific matter as to whether the agent removes an invalidated entry from the table. Accordingly, management stations must be prepared to receive tabular information from agents that corresponds to entries not currently in use. Proper interpretation of such entries requires examination of the relevant ipRouteType object." ("ipRouteType") $info->ipr_proto() From RFC1213: other(1), -- none of the following -- non-protocol information, -- e.g., manually configured local(2), -- entries -- set via a network netmgmt(3), -- management protocol -- obtained via ICMP, icmp(4), -- e.g., Redirect -- the remaining values are -- all gateway routing -- protocols egp(5), ggp(6), hello(7), rip(8), is-is(9), es-is(10), ciscoIgrp(11), bbnSpfIgp(12), ospf(13), bgp(14) ("ipRouteProto") $info->ipr_age() Seconds since route was last updated or validated. ("ipRouteAge") $info->ipr_mask() Subnet Mask of route. 0.0.0.0 for default gateway. ("ipRouteMask") $info->ipr_info() Reference to MIB definition specific to routing protocol. ("ipRouteInfo") SETTING DATA VIA SNMP This section explains how to use SNMP::Info to do SNMP Set operations. $info->set_METHOD($value) Sets the global METHOD to value. Assumes that iid is .0 Returns undef if failed, or the return value from SNMP::Session::set() (snmp_errno) $info->set_location("Here!"); $info->set_METHOD($value,$iid) Table Methods. Set iid of method to value. Returns undef if failed, or the return value from SNMP::Session::set() (snmp_errno) # Disable a port administratively my %if_map = reverse %{$info->interfaces()} $info->set_i_up_admin('down', $if_map{'FastEthernet0/0'}) or die "Couldn't disable the port. ",$info->error(1); NOTE: You must be connected to your device with a "ReadWrite" community string in order for set operations to work. NOTE: This will only set data listed in %FUNCS and %GLOBALS. For data acquired from overriden methods (subroutines) specific set_METHOD() subroutines will need to be added if they haven't been already. Quiet Mode SNMP::Info will not chirp anything to STDOUT unless there is a serious error (in which case it will probably die). To get lots of debug info, set the Debug flag when calling new() or call $info->debug(1); When calling a method check the return value. If the return value is undef then check $info->error() Beware, calling $info->error() clears the error. my $name = $info->name() or die "Couldn't get sysName!" . $name->error(); EXTENDING SNMP::INFO Data Structures required in new Subclass A class inheriting this class must implement these data structures : $INIT Used to flag if the MIBs have been loaded yet. %GLOBALS Contains a hash in the form ( method_name => SNMP iid name ) These are scalar values such as name,uptime, etc. When choosing the name for the methods, be aware that other new Sub Modules might inherit this one to get it's features. Try to choose a prefix for methods that will give it's own name space inside the SNMP::Info methods. %FUNCS Contains a hash in the form ( method_name => SNMP iid) These are table entries, such as the IfIndex %MIBS A list of each mib needed. ('MIB-NAME' => 'itemToTestForPresence') The value for each entry should be a MIB object to check for to make sure that the MIB is present and has loaded correctly. $info->init() will throw an exception if a MIB does not load. %MUNGE A map between method calls (from %FUNCS or %GLOBALS) and subroutine methods. The subroutine called will be passed the data as it gets it from SNMP and it should return that same data in a more human friendly format. Sample %MUNGE: (my_ip => \&munge_ip, my_mac => \&munge_mac, my_layers => \&munge_dec2bin ) Sample Subclass Let's make a sample Layer 2 Device subclass. This class will inherit the Cisco Vlan module as an example. ----------------------- snip -------------------------------- # SNMP::Info::Layer2::Sample package SNMP::Info::Layer2::Sample; $VERSION = 0.1; use strict; use Exporter; use SNMP::Info::Layer2; use SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP; @SNMP::Info::Layer2::Sample::ISA = qw/SNMP::Info::Layer2 SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP Exporter/; @SNMP::Info::Layer2::Sample::EXPORT_OK = qw//; use vars qw/$VERSION %FUNCS %GLOBALS %MIBS %MUNGE $AUTOLOAD $INIT $DEBUG/; %MIBS = (%SNMP::Info::Layer2::MIBS, %SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP::MIBS, 'SUPER-DOOPER-MIB' => 'supermibobject' ); %GLOBALS = (%SNMP::Info::Layer2::GLOBALS, %SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP::GLOBALS, 'name' => 'supermib_supername', 'favorite_color' => 'supermib_fav_color_object', 'favorite_movie' => 'supermib_fav_movie_val' ); %FUNCS = (%SNMP::Info::Layer2::FUNCS, %SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP::FUNCS, # Super Dooper MIB - Super Hero Table 'super_hero_index' => 'SuperHeroIfIndex', 'super_hero_name' => 'SuperHeroIfName', 'super_hero_powers' => 'SuperHeroIfPowers' ); %MUNGE = (%SNMP::Info::Layer2::MUNGE, %SNMP::Info::CiscoVTP::MUNGE, 'super_hero_powers' => \&munge_powers ); # OverRide uptime() method from %SNMP::Info::GLOBALS sub uptime { my $sample = shift; my $name = $sample->name(); # this is silly but you get the idea return '600' if defined $name ; } # Create our own munge function sub munge_powers { my $power = shift; # Take the returned obscure value and return something useful. return 'Fire' if $power =~ /reallyhot/i; return 'Ice' if $power =~ /reallycold/i; # Else return $power; } # Copious Documentation here!!! =head1 NAME =head1 AUTHOR =head1 SYNOPSIS =head1 DESCRIPTION =head2 Inherited Classes =head2 Required MIBs =head1 GLOBALS =head2 Overrides =head1 TABLE METHODS =head2 Overrides =cut 1; # don't forget this line ----------------------- snip -------------------------------- Be sure and send the debugged version to snmp-info-users@lists.sourceforge.net to be included in the next version of SNMP::Info. SNMP::INFO INTERNALS Object Namespace Internal data is stored with bareword keys. For example $info->{debug} SNMP Data is stored or marked cached with keys starting with an underscore. For example $info->{_name} is the cache for $info->name(). Cached Table data is stored in $info->store() and marked cached per above. Package Globals These set the default value for an object upon creation. $DEBUG Default 0. Sends copious debug info to stdout. This global sets the object's debug status in new() unless 'Debug' argument passed in new(). Change objects' debug status with $info->debug(). $BIGINT Default 0. Set to true to have 64 bit counters return Math::BigInt objects instead of scalar string values. See note under Interface Statistics about 64 bit values. $NOSUCH Default 1. Set to false to disable RetryNoSuch option for SNMP::Session. Or see method in new() to do it on an object scope. Data Munging Callback Subroutines munge_speed() Makes human friendly speed ratings using %SPEED_MAP %SPEED_MAP = ( '56000' => '56 kbps', '64000' => '64 kbps', '1500000' => '1.5 Mbps', '1536000' => 'T1', '1544000' => 'T1', '2000000' => '2.0 Mbps', '2048000' => '2.048 Mbps', '3072000' => 'Dual T1', '3088000' => 'Dual T1', '4000000' => '4.0 Mbps', '10000000' => '10 Mbps', '11000000' => '11 Mbps', '20000000' => '20 Mbps', '16000000' => '16 Mbps', '16777216' => '16 Mbps', '44210000' => 'T3', '44736000' => 'T3', '45000000' => '45 Mbps', '45045000' => 'DS3', '46359642' => 'DS3', '64000000' => '64 Mbps', '100000000' => '100 Mbps', '149760000' => 'ATM on OC-3', '155000000' => 'OC-3', '155519000' => 'OC-3', '155520000' => 'OC-3', '400000000' => '400 Mbps', '599040000' => 'ATM on OC-12', '622000000' => 'OC-12', '622080000' => 'OC-12', '1000000000' => '1.0 Gbps', ) munge_ip() Takes a binary IP and makes it dotted ASCII munge_mac() Takes an octet stream (HEX-STRING) and returns a colon separated ASCII hex string. munge_octet2hex() Takes a binary octet stream and returns an ASCII hex string munge_dec2bin() Takes a binary char and returns its ASCII binary representation munge_bits Takes a SNMP2 'BITS' field and returns the ASCII bit string munge_counter64 If $BIGINT is set to true, then a Math::BigInt object is returned. See Math::BigInt for details. Internaly Used Functions $info->init() Used internally. Loads all entries in %MIBS. $info->args() Returns a reference to the argument hash supplied to SNMP::Session $info->class() Returns the class name of the object. $info->error_throw(error message) Stores the error message for use by $info->error() If $info->debug() is true, then the error message is carped too. $info->funcs() Returns a reference to the %FUNCS hash. $info->globals() Returns a reference to the %GLOBALS hash. $info->mibs() Returns a reference to the %MIBS hash. $info->munge() Returns a reference ot the %MUNGE hash. $info->nosuch() Returns NoSuch value set or not in new() $info->session() Gets or Sets the SNMP::Session object. $info->store(new_store) Returns or sets hash store for Table functions. Store is a hash reference in this format : $info->store = { attribute => { iid => value , iid2 => value2, ... } }; $info->_global() Used internally by AUTOLOAD to load dynamic methods from %GLOBALS. Example: $info->name() calls autoload which calls $info->_global('name'). $info->_set(attr,val,iid) Used internally by AUTOLOAD to run an SNMP set command for dynamic methods listed in either %GLOBALS or %FUNCS. Example: $info->set_name('dog',3) uses autoload to resolve to $info->_set('name','dog',3); $info->load_all() Debugging routine. This does not include any overriden method or method implemented by subroutine. Runs $info->load_METHOD() for each entry in $info->funcs(); Returns $info->store() -- See store() entry. Note return value has changed since version 0.3 $info->all() Runs $info->load_all() once then returns $info->store(); Use $info->load_all() to reload the data. Note return value has changed since version 0.3 $info->_load_attr() Used internally by AUTOLOAD to fetch data called from methods listed in %FUNCS. Called from $info->load_METHOD(); $info->_show_attr() Used internaly by AUTOLOAD to return data called by methods listed in %FUNCS. Called like $info->METHOD(). The first time ran, it will call $info->load_METHOD(). Every time after it will return cached data. AUTOLOAD Each entry in either %FUNCS or %GLOBALS is used by AUTOLOAD() to create dynamic methods. Note that this AUTOLOAD is going to be run for all the classes listed in the @ISA array in a subclass, so will be called with a variety of package names. We check the %FUNCS and %GLOBALS of the package that is doing the calling at this given instant. 1. Returns unless method is listed in %FUNCS or %GLOBALS for given class 2. If the method exists in %GLOBALS it runs $info->_global(method) unless already cached. 3. Method is in %FUNCS 4. Run $info->_load_attr(method) if not cached 5. Return $info->_show_attr(method). Override any dynamic method listed in one of these hashes by creating a subroutine with the same name. For example to override $info->name() create `` sub name {...}'' in your subclass. COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE Changes from SNMP::Info Version 0.7 and on are: Copyright (c)2003, 2004 Max Baker - All rights reserved. Original Code is: Copyright (c) 2002-3, Regents of the University of California All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of the University of California, Santa Cruz nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.